Adding or removing tubulin monomers can achieve this.During cellular processes like mitosis, meiosis and cytokinesis, the length of microtubule filament needs to be increased or decreased called assembly and disassembly of microtubule respectively.Due to such arrangement, at one end there are only alpha subunits while on the other there will be beta subunits.

While forming a single microtubule, the thousands of tubulin repetitive monomers are arranged in 13 columns in the same direction forming protofilaments.

The tubulin (globular) protein is a heterodimer made up of α- and β-tubulin subunits.

The microtubules are the polymer of tubulin protein.

They are hollow cylinders with a diameter of 25nm.

The microtubules are made from the assembly of globular proteins.

There are three types of cytoskeleton proteins – microfilament, microtubule and intermediate filament. The cytoskeleton plays a vital role in maintaining the spatial organization of the cell, cell shape and during the cell division. The network of filamentous proteins called cytoskeleton holds the cellular structure together.

When there is sufficient water, the vacuoles swell and produce more turgor pressure.

The turgor pressure is developed due to the presence of the cell wall and this provides rigid structure to the cell.

The fluid inside the plant cell produces a pressure called Turgor pressure that presses the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

The cell wall contains some regulatory molecules that plays a vital role in recognizing the pathogen.

The cell wall is semi permeable in nature allowing exchange of water, ions, minerals and nutrients.

The primary function of cell wall is to mechanically protect the cellular content from the external environment.

These microfibrils form a network with other polysaccharides and are cross linked to each other. The 40 cellulose fibers aggregate to form microfibrils. The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose fiber (polymer of glucose).During drought, the vacuoles may shrink but the rigid cell wall maintains the structural integrity of the plant cells.

The chemical composition of primary and secondary cell wall is same however, the secondary cell wall is thick and contains lignin. And the secondary cell wall is rigid and non extensible. Once the cell is matured, the secondary cell wall is produced over primary one.

The multiplying cells like meristem are small is size and have thin and extensible cell wall called primary cell wall.

The cell wall is composed of network of cellulose microfibrils and the cross linking glycans are embedded in a highly cross linked matrix of pectin polysaccharides.

The presence of a cell wall provides tensile strength that protects the cell from osmotic stress and mechanical damage.

The plant cell is bordered and protected with the cell wall.

The organelles that are common in plant and animal cells have found to perform same functions in both types of cell. However, the plant cells have special organelles like cell wall, vacuole and plastids (chloroplast, amyloplast and chromoplast). The plant cell and animal cells have similar organelles like cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum. Their size is larger than the animal cells. The plant cells are mostly found in rectangular shapes. Hence, the plant cell can be defined as a basic unit of plants, they are eukaryotic cell bordered by a cell wall and encloses membrane bound organelles that perform various functions. The plant cells have some special organelles that allows the cells to carry out photosynthesis. However, the plant cell differs from animal cells in many aspects. Like animal cells, the plant cells have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus. Plants are multicellular organisms and their cells are eukaryotic.

Cell diagram labeled